30/03/2013
Francesco Carlucci
The work is divided into three parts. The first shows how the European monetary union was born, those who have supported it, and the asymmetry of growth produced by. The second part
illustrates reasons and consequences of the loss of confidence of markets in theMember States of European periphery as well as the difficulties to refinance their public debt. The third part shows
that debt can be repaid only by means of economic growth, and that this goal can be achieved, in the Eurozone, only by establishing a different monetary system. We begin by recalling the first steps towards European unification made by the founding Fathers, and observing that Europe has moved away progressively from the initial path of integration, pursuing only economic cooperation first, and then monetary unification. At the same time,
instead of integration and greater cohesion, nationalism has gone to prevail in European States. In practice, greater wealth remained the overwhelming aim of the process.
Pietro Calamia
TheAuthor, at the time permanent representative in Brussels and head of the Italian delegation at the Conference at deputies level, relates on the negotiations among Member States and on the
parallel sessions of the European Parliament. The Conference could not agree on the recognition of a legislative co-decision power between the Council and the European Parliament, but was
able, among others, to enlarge the application field of the majority vote and to bring the texts concerning the political cooperation under the same roof of the new treaty. At the same time the
Council agreed to change its rules of procedure, making easier to call for a vote in the Council. A major change in the governments’ attitude, twenty years after the Luxembourg ‘compromise’ (1966).
Giorgio Bosco
The article tries to explain a new development, politically and legally important, in the practice of States: it is the responsibility to protect, a concept approved in theWorld Summit of 2005 at the
United Nations. The pertinent document affirms that each individual State has the responsibility to protect its population from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against
humanity. Should the State be manifestly failing to assure this protection, the international community must be ready to take collective action, in a timely and decisive manner, through the
Security Council, in accordance with the Un Charter, on a case-by-case basis. The foundation of this new concept is the notion of sovereignty as responsibility: sovereignty entails enduring
obligations towards one’s people, as well as certain international privileges. States must also ensure good governance, whose elements are the rule of law, a competent and independent
judiciary, human rights, security, an attentive civil society, an independent press, a political culture that favours tolerance and dialogue.
Maria Grazia Melchionni
Looking at the relations between Italy and Russia from the historian’s point of view, the Author shows how continuous has been the dialogue between the two countries, and highlights the role played by Italian diplomacy to help bringing together Russia and theWest in general and Europeespecially. Since, in recent years, the relations betweenMoscow andWashington have worsened, and the reconciliation process with Europe has suffered from contrasts occurred because of Nato, the Author looks forward to boosting cooperation between Russia and theWest in key sectors as defence, fight against international terrorism, energy supplying.
Didier Chaudet
In June 2012, two important leaders of the Taliban's movement in Pakistan decided to oppose the fight against polio. Their action has appeared as irrational as it has been disastrous: disastrous for the local Pashtun communities, and for Pakistan, of course; but also disastrous for the international community: the fight against polio can only be a global victory... or a total failure. Rather than to focus on the ‘irrationality’of the ban, as political actors are never strictly irrational, the goal of this paper is to understand what one can learn from it. It is possible to get a better understanding of the Taliban, and more precisely to answer this question: can there be such thing as ‘moderate Taliban’? This paper also helps to understand the social and political roots of this ban, as well as its consequences
